中国历史
四大文明古国之一
one of the four ancient civilizations
人类文明史
the history of human civilization
源远流长/历史悠久
to have a long history; with a long history
朝代
dynasty
古都
ancient capital
随着时间的推移
as time goes by
远古时代
ancient times
原始社会
primitive society
春秋时期
the spring and autumn period
战国
the warring states
封建社会
feudal society
皇帝，君主
emperor; monarch
历史遗留问题
a question left over from history/the past
在战争中损毁
to be ruined in wars
抵抗侵略
to resist the invasion
五四运动
the may 4th movement of 1919
在……世纪初
at the beginning of..century
迄今为止
up till now
追溯到
to date/trace back to
来源于
to derive/stem from; to originate from/in
发祥地
birthplace
兴起于……，兴盛于……
to emerge in...and prosper in...
保存最完好的
best-preserved
原址
original site
国家博物馆
national museum
皇帝统治时期
a period of emperor reign
诸侯国
kingdom
勤政爱民
to be diligent and love ones people
退位
to give up the throne
帝王宫殿
imperial palace
以……命名
to be named after...
历史人物
historic figure
阳历
solar calendar
阴历
lunar calendar
天干
heavenly stem
地支
earthly branch
闰年
leap year
中国文化概述
重要文化遗产
major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术
outstanding folk arts
文化产业
culture industry
文化底蕴
cultural deposit
文化事业
cultural undertaking
文化交流
cultural exchange
文化冲击
culture shock
文化差异
cultural difference
独特的艺术价值
unique artistic values
诚实守信
honesty
爱国主义精神
patriotism
国宝
national treasure
文物
cultural relics
华夏祖先
the chinese ancestors
中华民族
the chinese nation
传统美德
traditional virtues
文人
men of letter
雅士
refined scholar
才子佳人
gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
高雅艺术
refined/high art
中外学者
chinese and overseas scholars
古为今用
to make the past serve the present
洋为中用
to make the foreign serve china
无愧于时代的作品
works worthy of the times
文明摇篮
cradle of civilization
古文明
ancient civilization
博大精深
to be extensive and profound
享有……的声誉
to enjoy a good/high reputation for
被誉为
to be honored/crowned as
占据重要地位
to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place
肩负……的责任?
to shoulder the responsibility of...
与……密不可分
to be closely associated with..
推广中国文化
to promote chinese culture
促进世界和平
to promote world peace
增进友谊
to enhance friendship
文化娱乐活动
cultural and amusement activities
民族特性和价值观
national identity and value
在各地差异很大
to vary widely from region/place to region/place
促进文化的传播?
to promote the spread of culture
促进交流
to promote exchanges
蓬勃发展
to flourish
丰富多彩
to be rich and colorful
风俗习惯
custom
禁忌
taboo
尊敬老人
to respect the elderly
赡养父母
to support/take care of parents
继承
to inherit
后人
later generation
强身健体
to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body
益寿延年
to prolong life
保佑平安
to keep sb safe
象征意义
symbolic meaning
象征好运和祝福
to symbolize good luck and blessings
审美观/品味
taste for beauty; aesthetic taste
中国传统文化
中医药
traditional chinese medicine
中草药
herbal medicine
望、闻、问、切
observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking
症状
symptom
重大发明
a significant invention
中国古代四大发明
the four great inventions of ancient china
火药
gunpowder
印刷术
printing
造纸术
paper-making
指南针
the compass
文房四宝
the four treasures of the study
笔、墨、纸、砚
brush, ink stick, paper,ink stone
汉字
chinese character
笔划
stroke
普通话四声调
the four tones of mandarin chinese
书法
calligraphy
中国画
traditional chinese painting
水墨画
chinese brush painting; ink wash painting
武术
martial arts
中国功夫
kung fu
太极
tai chi
孔子
confucius
孟子
mencius
思想学派
school of thought
思想核心
the core of ideology
代表人物
representative
儒家思想
confucianism
儒家文化
confucian culture
和尚、僧人
monk
寺庙
temple
伊斯兰教
islam
清真寺
mosque
宗教
religion
建筑
architecture
钟楼
bell tower
鼓楼
drum tower
牌坊
memorial archway
兵马俑
terracotta warriors and horses
丝绸之路
the silk road
故宫
the imperial palace
天坛
the temple of heaven
民间故事
folk tale
寓言
fable
传说
legend
凡间
human world
京剧
peking opera
脸谱
mask
正面角色
positive role
木偶戏
puppet show
皮影戏
shadow play
杂技
acrobatics
相声
crosstalk
说、学、逗、唱
speaking imitating teasing and singing
说书
story-telling
传统工艺品
traditional handicraft
形状不一
to be of different shapes
材质各异
various materials
质地坚硬
hard texture
造型生动
vivid figure
色彩丰富
rich colours
风格独特
characteristic/unique style
刺绣
embroidery
泥人
clay figure
瓷器
porcelain; china
陶器
pottery; earthenware
青铜器
bronze ware
雕刻
to carve
图章
seal
中国传统节日
春节
the spring festival / chinese new year
除夕
chinese new years eve
年夜饭
annual reunion dinner
拜年
to pay a new year call
探亲访友
to (pay a) visit to relatives and friends
亲朋好友
relatives and friends
大扫除
to thoroughly clean the house
驱厄运
to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck
去除灾难
to ward off evils
发红包
to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes
欢度
...the celebration of..; to celebrate...
春联
spring couplets
庙会
temple fair
民间艺人
folk artists
祭神
god-worshiping
爆竹，烟火
firecracker; firework(s)
年画
(traditional) new year picture
压岁钱
new years gift-money
元宵节
the lantern festival
清明节
the tomb-sweeping day
端午节
the dragon boat festival
中秋节
the mid-autumn day/festival
重阳节
the double-ninth day
七夕节
the double-seventh day
舞龙
dragon dance
花灯
festival lantern
灯谜
lantern riddle
有益的智力活动
beneficial intellectual activity
中国结
chinese kmot
舞狮
lion dance
赛龙舟
dragon boat race
赏月
to enjoy the full moon
登高
hill climbing
扫墓
to pay respects to the dead at sb.s tomb
食物及烹饪方法
中国菜，中餐
chinese cuisine
烹饪技巧
cooking technique
煎
to fry
炒
to stir-fry
炸
to deep-fry
烩/焖/炖
to stew
蒸
to steam
煮
to boil
烘焙
to bake
烤
to roast
切条?
to cut to strips
切丁
to dice
切碎
to mince
磨碎
to grind
饮食习惯
dietary habit
特色食品?
special food
元宵
sweet sticky rice dumplings
年糕
rice cake
油条
deep-fried dough sticks
豆浆
soybean milk
馒头
steamed bun
包子
steamed stuffed bun
拉面
hand-stretched noodles
豆腐
tofu; bean curd
麻花
fried dough twist
皮蛋
100-year egg;century egg
蛋炒饭
fried rice with egg
火锅
hot pot
原料
ingredient
猪/牛肉丸
pork/beef ball
鸭肉
duck
蘑菇
mushroom
北京烤鸭
beijing roast duck
素菜馆
vegetarian restaurant
白酒
chinese liquor
旅游交通
景点
tourist attraction; scenic spot
名胜古迹
places of interest
避暑胜地
summer resort
森林公园
forest park
自然保护区
nature reserve
自然景观
natural scenery
人文景观
human landscape
壮丽河山
magnificent scenery
古典山水园林
classical landscape garden
皇家园林
royal garden
中外游客
tourists from home and abroad
游乐园
amusement park
度假
to take a vacation; to go on holiday
门票
(entrance) ticket
免费景区电子门票
free sightseeing ecoupon
星级酒店
star-rated hotel
高峰期
rush hour
人山人海，人满为患
overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people
翻山越岭
to climb mountains and hills
受到……的热烈欢迎
to be warmly welcomed by...
丰富知识
to enrich ones knowledge
开阔视野
to broaden ones horizon
扩大知识面
to enlarge the scope of knowledge
培养独立性
to cultivate independence
运输工具
means of transportation
公共交通
public transport
地铁站
subway station
候车室
waiting room
扣分处罚
point penalty
酒驾
drunk driving
终身禁驾
lifetime ban from driving
护照
passport
签证有效期
validity of visa
散客
individual visitor
团体游客
group visitor
地理环境
位于
to be located in/at
西部地区
western regions
省会
provincial capital
水域面积
water area
三面环山
to be surrounded by mountains on three sides
全长……公里
to stretch for... km/kilometers
面貌焕然一新
to take on a completely new look
高原
plateau
山峰
peak
淡水湖
freshwater lake
沿海港口
coastal port
植物园
botanical garden
气候
climate
环境保护
environmental protection
提高全民环保意识
raise environmental awareness amongst the general public
环保产品
environment-friendly product
一次性产品
disposable product
开发可再生资源
to develop renewable resources
高能耗产业
energy-intensive industry
可持续发展
sustainable development
生态环境
the ecological environment
温室效应
greenhouse effect
污染物
pollutant
水土保持
water and soil conservation
降雨量
rainfall
物种灭绝
the extinction of bio-species
先污染后治理
to exert control after pollution
碳减排
carbon emission reduction
温室气体排放
greenhouse gas emission
二氧化碳
carbon dioxide
新能源汽车
green car
废气
exhaust gas
汽车尾气排放
motor vehicle exhaust
发动机排量
engine displacement
零排放车辆
zero-emission vehicle
小排量汽车
small-displacement car
能源消耗
depletion of resources
能源危机
energy crisis
回收利用
to recycle
低碳城市化道路
way to low-carbon urbanization
城市化
urbanization
濒临灭绝/失传
to be on the verge of extinction/loss
濒危物种
endangered species
稀有物种
rare species
防护林带
shelter belt
森林覆盖率
forest coverage rate
改善土壤
soil improvement
地质灾害
geological disaster
灾难
catastrophe; tragedy; disaster
不幸
misfortune
伤亡人员
casualty
死亡人数
death toll
台风
typhoon
火山爆发
volcanic eruption
地震
earthquake
洪水
flood
干旱
drought
商业经济
商界
business communities
互惠互利
mutual benefit
共同繁荣
common prosperity
需求
aggregate/total demand
总供给
aggregate supply
供过于求
supply exceeding demand
扩大内需
to expand domestic demand
购买力
purchasing power
财政预算
financial budget
经济学家
economist
企业家
entrepreneur
经济全球化
economic globalization
区域性自由贸易区
regional free trade area
经济特区
special economic zone
计划经济
planned economy
市场经济
market economy
市场调节
market regulation
市场多元化
market diversification
推动经贸合作
to boost economic and trade cooperation
耐用消费品
durable consumer goods
年末促销
year-end promotion
团购
group buying
垄断
monopoly
垄断行业
monopoly industry
市场占有率
market share
生产力，生产率
productivity
经济增长放缓
economic slowdown
金融组织
financial institution
商业信誉
commercial reputation
管理机制
management mechanism
国有企业
state-owned enterprises (soes)
集体企业
collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises
私营企业
private businesses
民营企业
privately-run businesses
中小企业
small and medium-sized enterprises
民间资本
private capital
民间投资
private investment
泡沫经济
bubble economy
经济过热
overheating of economy
通货膨胀
inflation
实体经济
the real economy
外汇储备充足
sufficient foreign exchange reserve
国内/国际贸易
domestic/international trade
对外贸易
foreign trade
贸易条件
terms of trade
不公平竞争
unfair competition
海关
customs
关税
customs duty
水货，走私货
smuggled goods
产品质量
product quality
高度评价
to speak highly of
物美价廉
competitive price and superior quality
销量，销售额
sales
存货，库存量
stocks
改善服务
to improve services
延长保修期
to extend maintenance
制造商，制造厂
manufacturer
原材料raw material
样品
sample
大规模生产
mass production
年产量
annual output
劳动力密集型产业
labour intensive industry
知识密集型产业
knowledge intensive industry
工作歧视
discrimination in workplace
高消耗、高投入
high consumption,high investment
沿袭……模式
to continue with the model of....
住房抵押贷款
residential mortgage loan
分期付款
to pay by installment
信贷紧缩
credit squeeze
取钱
to withdraw money
利率
interest rate
找工作
to hunt for a job; job-hunting
招聘广告
the want ads
职位
position; post; job vacancy/opening
求职信
application letter
工作简历
job resume;cv
填写申请表
to fill in/out application form
接受职位
to accepttake the post
接任职位
to take over the position
工作面试
job interview
职业前景
job prospects
就业机会
job opportunity
工资待遇
pay offer
津贴
allowance
带薪假
paid vacation
伤残保险
disability insurance
失业保险
unemployment insurance
培训咨询
training consultancy
专业技能
professional expertise
脑力劳动
mental work
体力劳动
labour/physical work
手工劳动
manual labour/work
工作时间
working time
加班
overtime
夜班
night shift
零工
odd job
股票
stock
资产
assets
利润
profit
教育
普及教育
universal education
高等教育
higher education
象牙塔
ivory tower
正规院校
regular universities and colleges
军校
military academy
九年义务教育
nine-year compulsory education
学前教育
preschool education
失学儿童
dropout
文盲
illiteracy; illiterate
受过良好教育的
well-educated
入学率
enrollment rate
适龄儿童入学率
enrollment rate for children of school age
高考
(university/college) entrance examination
考研
to take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools
读研?
to attend graduate school
毕业典礼
commencement/graduation ceremony
毕业鉴定
graduation appraisal
毕业论文
a graduation dissertation/thesis/paper
毕业实习
graduation field work; to go out on in-ternships
授予学位
to confer an academic degree on sb.
博士学位
doctors degree
硕士学位
masters degree
学士学位
bachelors degree
在职博士生
on-job doctorate
研究生毕业证/学位证
graduate diploma/graduate degrees diploma
中专生
secondary specialized or technical school student
在校大学生
undergraduate
中小学
elementary/primary and middle/secondary schools
（大学)扩招
scale expansion
扩大招生人数
to enlarge school enrollment/recruits
走读生
extern; non-resident student
住校生
boarder
课外活动
extracurricular activity
必修课
required/compulsory course
选修课
elective/optional course
基础课
basic course
专业课
specialized course
专业知识
specialized knowledge
开设课程
to offer a course
课程表
school schedule
教学大纲
teaching program; syllabus
学分制
credit system
补考
make-up examination
学年
school year
师资力量
teaching faculty
应试教育exam-oriented education (system)
推进素质教育
to push ahead with education for all-around development
基本实现教育现代化
to basically modernize education
招生就业指导
enrollment and vocation guidance
竞争激烈
fierce competition
评价体系
evaluation system
选拔官员/人才
to select officials/talents
海外留学生
overseas student; international student
科技
信息时代
information age
信息爆炸
information explosion
高科技产品
high-tech product
电子设备
electronic device
智能手机
smartphone; intelligent handset
创新
innovation
研发
research and development
核心技术
core technology
电讯
telecommunication
硬件
hardware
软件
software
搜索引擎
search engine
网页浏览
web browsing
即时消息
instant message
视频电话
video phone
文件传输
document transmission
在线社区
online community
社交模式
social networking
网上冲浪
to surf on the internet
网民
netizen
活跃用户
active user
对……上瘾
to be/get addicted to...
计算机病毒
computer virus
虚拟世界
virtual world
网上购物
online shopping
电子商务
e-commerce
消费理念
consumption concept
大众媒体
mass media
出版商
publisher
电子版
electronic version
空间实验室
space laboratory
航天飞机
shuttle
卫星
satellite
探测器
detector
社会生活
计划生育
family planning
基本国策
a basic national/state policy
制定政策
to make a policy
(政策）生效、开始实施
to come into force/effect
几世同堂的家庭
a family consisting of several generations
晚婚晚育
late marriage and late childbirth
搞好优生优育
to promote good prenatal and postnatal care
稳定低生育水平
to stabilize the low birth rate
简化审批程序
to simplify approval procedures
行政管理
administrative management
违反规定
to violate a rule/regulation
居委会
community association
挂失
to report the loss
补办
to re-apply/re-register/post-register
户籍
household registration
居住证
residence permit
少数民族
ethnic minority
过快增长
excessive growth
急剧下降
to be on the sharp decline
人口稠密/稀少
densely/sparsely populated
人口基数/密度/分布
population base/density/distribution
人口出生率
birth rate
人口增长的高峰期
baby boom
人口素质
quality of the population
人口老龄化
aging of population
老龄化社会
aging society
城镇化
urbanization
高楼大厦
high-rise/tall/high building
小康社会
well-off society
贫困家庭
poor family
和睦相处
to live in peace/harmony
中国特色社会主义
socialism with chinese characteristics
推行可持续发展战略
to pursue the strategy of sustainable development
物质文明
material civilization
精神文明
spiritual civilization
为人民服务
to serve the people
坚持……的方针
to adhere to the principle of...
社会保障
social security
养老保险
retirement insurance
医疗保险
medical insurance
弱势群体
disadvantaged group
单亲
single parent
关心老龄人
to care for senior citizens
社会背景
social background
福利
welfare
福利彩票
welfare lotteries
医疗服务
medical service
基础设施建设
infrastructure construction
缩短差距
to bridge/narrow the gap
满足基本需求
to satisfy basic needs
社会效益
social benefit
健康管理
health management
应运而生
to appear accordingly; to emerge as required/needed
普通市民
ordinary resident
物价上涨
rising price
家政服务业
home services industry
建筑工地
construction site
农产品
agricultural product
爱情告白
to express ones love
性骚扰
sexual harassment
贫富分化
disparity between the rich and the poor
网络造谣
to fabricate online rumors
恶意侵害他人名誉
to harm the reputation of others maliciously
娱乐资讯
entertainment information
在线娱乐
online entertainment
当地新闻
local news
简讯
brief news
获取信息
to obtain information
收视率
audience rating
