还在慨叹考研英语难度很大、过线很难吗？还在烦恼真题做了一遍又一遍，却一向茫无头绪吗？还在苦苦揣摩出题人的意图却毫无条理吗？翻开外语教育与研讨出书社的新书《张剑考研10年真题5套仿照》，考研英语出题人张剑教授将亲自为你分题型精解10年真题，教你领会出题人的意图；并畅通领悟自个多年的出题经历亲自命制了5套高仿真仿照题，带你走出题海战术的误区，抵达事半功倍之效！
第一有些：英语常识运用(选择填空)
2012年全国硕士研讨生入学考试英语试题分析
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The ethical
judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.
…
1.［A］ emphasize ［B］ maintain ［C］ modify ［D］ recognize
2.［A］ when ［B］ lest ［C］ before ［D］ unless
3.［A］ restored ［B］ weakened ［C］ established ［D］ eliminated
…
【答案解析】
1. 答案：B 【考点：动词分析】
分析：语句有关有些说到：法院无法……它作为法治卫士的合法性。需要判别啥动词可以参加“合法性”分配。四个选项是［A］emphasize(偏重)，［B］maintain(维护，坚持)，［C］modify(批改)，［D］recognize(知道，辨认出)。显着，“维护合法性”是最佳分配，因而选项［B］maintain是正确答案。其他选项的意思可以在部分能讲得通，可是从全体来看会歪曲或误解作者的意图。
2. 答案：A 【考点：逻辑联络】
分析：语句有关有些说到：法院无法维护它作为法治卫士的合法性，……法官的行为像政客相同。由上下文可知，文章在谈论政治与司法的联络。作者认为两者大约别离，否则司法就无法坚持其独立性，甚至会沦为政治的喽啰。因而本句大约是一个条件句，标明在怎样的条件下，“法院无法维护它作为法治卫士的合法性”。再来看四个选项：［A］ when(假定……；其时)，［B］lest(以免)，［C］before(在……之前)，［D］unless(除非……)。不丑陋出，选项［A］when最契合句意。答复此题的要害是晓得when可以引导条件句，意为“假定”。
3. 答案：B 【考点：上下文推理和动词分析】
分析：语句有关有些说到：可是，好几个比方闪现，法官的行为方法……法院的独立性和公正性的名誉。需要根据上下文的意思揣度“法官的行为”对“法院的独立性和公正性的名誉”发生了啥影响。由上一题的分析可知，政治与司法大约别离，否则司法就无法坚持其独立性。从Yet估测，本题地址句是在举例阐明法官的行为损害了司法的独立性。四个选项是：［A］restored(恢复)，［B］weakened(削弱)，［C］established(树立)，［D］eliminated(消除；消除)。正确答案必定不会是“恢复”、“树立”，这与辞意敌对；“消除；消除”无法与“名誉”分配。因而，选项［B］weakened契合题意。
……
本节内容选自外研社出书的新书《张剑考研10年真题5套仿照》作者简介：张剑，北京外国语大学(微博)英语学院教授、博士生导师，英语学院副院长。接连多年参加全国硕士研讨生入学共同考试英语试题的出题作业，并曾参加英语专业四、8级考试，北京市高级教育自学考试和全国高考(微博)面试等作业。
考研出题人张剑教授解析2012年考研真题(二)
第二有些：阅览了解(Part A 多项选择)
2012年全国硕士研讨生入学考试英语试题分析
Text 2
A deal is a deal—except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012.In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along。
…
26. The phrase “reneging on” (Line 3, Para.1) is closest in meaning to
［A］condemning. ［B］reaffirming。
［C］dishonoring. ［D］securing。
27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to
［A］obtain protection from Vermont regulators。
［B］seek favor from the federal legislature。
［C］acquire an extension of its business license。
［D］get permission to purchase a power plant。
…
【答案解析】
26. 答案：C 【考点：猜测生词】
分析：本题需求考生根据上下文信息猜测生词reneging on的意思。四个选项如下：
［A］呵斥。 ［B］ 重申。
［C］不恪守。 ［D］ 获得。
文章首段一初步，作者就暗示安特吉公司将不恪守生意规则：“生意就是生意——除非触及到安特吉公司”。由此可知该公司违约的实际，而且就此还致使轩然大波：这家新英格兰的首要电力供给商上星期声称将……严肃恪守核能规则的长时刻承诺时，这在佛蒙特州激起了合情合理的愤恨。因而，reneging on 的意思应为“不实施，不恪守”，［C］dishonoring是正确答案。
27. 答案：D 【考点：辨认正深信息】
分析：本题需求考生根据辞意判别，安特吉公司签署2002年的协议时的意图。四个选项如下：
［A］从佛州营监管部分获得维护。
［B］寻求联邦立法机关的撑持。
［C］获得蒙特业执照的延期。
［D］获得附和去收购一个电厂。
文章第三段说到，“这个冲突在2002年就初步闪现了，那时该公司收购了佛蒙特州仅有的核电厂，位于弗农的一个老旧的核反应堆。作为获得州政府附和该生意的条件，公司承诺假定2012年后持续运营需获得州监管部分的答应。”显着，该公司在2002年作出承诺，假定在2012年后持续运营，有必要获得附和，承诺的意图是为了让州政府附和它收购那里的一座核电厂。因而［D］get permission to purchase a power plant是正确答案。
……
本节内容选自外研社出书的新书《张剑考研10年真题5套仿照》
考研出题人张剑教授解析2012年考研真题(三)
第三有些：阅览了解(Part B 选择匹配)
2012年全国硕士研讨生入学考试英语试题分析
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.
The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. 41.
The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century’s culture machine。
But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. 42.
I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing。
…
[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.
[B] Applications like tumblr.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.
[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day。
[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading — between passive consumption and active creation — whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players。
[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world’s media culture has been defined by a single medium — television — and television is defined by downloading.
[G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.
【答案解析】
41. 答案 C
分析：文章第一段想象了一个梦，即坐飞机时怀里放着纸相同薄的笔记本电脑，手里拿着薄薄的手机。第二段谈了这个梦的完成：在20世纪，这个既是打字机、又是打印机，既是画笔，又是美术馆，既是作业室、又是剧院，既是邮件、又是邮差的自个电脑现已呈现。然后，第三段谈互联网使自个电脑成了21世纪集出产、发布、接收、谈论于一身的“文明机器”。［C］段讲：自个电脑经过网络被联在一同，构成了一个世界性的网络。这正好在第二段和第三段之间构成一个过渡，逻辑联络很显着。因而，本题的答案是 ［C］。
42. 答案 D
分析：文章第四段提示我们留心互联网和自个电脑带来的疑问：“尽管有一切的理由来赞扬核算机，咱们仍是要多加留心。”接着初步讲上载和下传、创造和花费的联络疑问，作者将此描绘为它们之间的“隐秘战争”。［D］段讲：联网的电脑致使了上载和下载之间、被逼承受和主动创造之间的一场隐秘战争，这正好说明了为何要“多加留心”。因而，本题的答案是 ［D］。
……
本节内容选自外研社出书的新书《张剑考研10年真题5套仿照》
考研出题人张剑教授解析2012年考研真题(四)
第四有些：阅览了解(Part C 英译汉)
2012年全国硕士研讨生入学考试英语试题分析
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
…
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. (50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are Line age — specific and not governed by universals。
【答案解析】
……
50. 乔姆斯基的语法大约闪现出言语改变的方法，这些方法并不受言语谱系或贯穿谱系的途径的影响；而格林堡的广泛性原则却预言了特定的语法词序联络类型之间所存在的紧密互依性。
【注释】 本句是whereas引导的并排句，前后是转机联络。1)主句的规划是“简略句 + 定语从句”。 patterns of language change that are independent of…，可译为“独立于……的言语改变方法”。其间，family tree指“言语谱系”，而不是“族谱”；pathway指的是言语的“打开途径”。2)后半句中的whereas译为 “而……”，co-dependencies意为“紧密互依性”。Particular types of word-order relations意为“特定的语法词序联络类型”。全体上讲，文章的论题较偏，触及言语学和言语史。关于学习言语学的同学比照有利，因为他们晓得乔姆斯基和格林堡等人，以?堑睦砺邸６赜诠愦罄砉た蒲裕梢晕恼掠斜囟讯取?
本节内容选自外研社出书的新书《张剑考研10年真题5套仿照》
考研出题人张剑教授解析2012年考研真题(五)
第五有些：写作(Part A 使用文)
2012年全国硕士研讨生入学考试英语试题分析
Part A
Directions:
Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to
1) extend your welcome and
2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here。
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead。
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【分析】
本题需求考生给即将来华的外国留学(微博)生写一封100词支配的电子邮件，对他们的到来标明等待，向他们介绍学校日子，而且供给主张。考生需要思考等待信函如何措词、外国留学生到校之后需要做的作业、在我国大学日子的特征以及如何才干习气。
写这样一封信需求考生熟练掌控撰写英文函件的格局和写作办法。一般来讲，一封电子邮件大约包括：1)称号(address)；2)首要内容(body)，包括问好、事由、阐明等；3)收尾和落款(signature)。下面这篇范文供考生参阅。
Dear international students,
Congratulations on your admission to this university. On behalf of the Students’ Union, I extend a warm welcome to you and look forward to your safe arrival at the beginning of the new term。
I’d like to offer you some information about life in this university. After paying the tuition fee and getting registered, you will need to check into your dormitory. The university canteen is probably the best place to have meals during the term, because food is tasty and inexpensive. If you prefer Western food, there is a cafeteria where you can get sandwiches and spaghetti. You will need to get a student card, which is identity card as well as cash card. You can use it to borrow books, pay for shop purchases, etc. The orientation for new students will probably take a whole week.
In advance I send you our best wishes and hope you will become a member of the Students’ Union。
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
本节内容选自外研社出书的新书《张剑考研10年真题5套仿照》
考研出题人张剑教授解析2012年考研真题(六)
第六有些：写作(Part B 谈论文)
2012年全国硕士研讨生入学考试英语试题分析
Part B
Directions:
Write an essay of 160 ~ 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments。
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
【分析】
本题需求考生根据所供给的图像写一篇160 ~ 200词的文章。文章有必要包括三个方面：1)简略描绘图像；2)说明图像的意义；3)宣告自个的谈论。
在作文的第一有些中，考生大约描绘图像：图中一个瓶子被打翻了，瓶中的液体流出了一半。两自个看见了这一不和里，表情各纷歧样。一个很沮丧地说：“全完了！”；另一个开心肠说：“幸亏还剩点儿。”
在第二有些中，考生大约说明图像的意义：两自个的不一样表情实践上标明晰两种不一样的心态，即他们看待事物的视角不一样，一个绝望，另一个旷达。一个只看到完事物的昏暗面，另一个则看到完事物的光亮面。
在第三有些中，考生大约对这种表象进行谈论：这幅图给咱们留下了这样一种思考―咱们大约怎样看待日子？大约以怎样的情绪面临人生？
下面这篇范文仅供读者参阅。
In the picture, a bottle falls to the ground and a liquid spills out. Two men witness the accident and respond differently to it. One sadly holds his head with his hand, saying, “Everything is spoiled!” The other gladly notices the half of
the oil that still remains in the bottle and rushes to pick it up, saying, “Fortunately, we still have some left。”
The picture is not just showing us a small accident, but it intends to tell us a matter of greater significance. The two men’s different responses to the accident actually show two different attitudes to life, or two different perspectives to view tragedy in life。
Life is full of ups and downs, which are part of one’s life journey in this world. The question is how we are going to take life’s pains or tragedies. Pessimists feel like the end of the world is coming, while optimists believe they can overcome them and become stronger. A girl student jumped from a tall building after she was abandoned by her boyfriend. A mother drowned her two mentally-handicapped twin sons because she could not see the end of her own suffering. While we are sympathetic for these unfortunate people, we sigh for their desperate
actions.
No one’s life is plain sailing. But hard labour will make a person physically strong; hardships will make a person mentally strong. We sigh because one man did not see the bright side of life, “the half of the liquid that still remains”. The girl student did not understand that life could begin anew and happiness could be achieved elsewhere. The mother did not realize that the society and the government were willing to offer help. If they were more optimistic, things could be different. If we are all optimistic, the world will be changed。
本节内容选自外研社出书的新书《张剑考研10年真题5套仿照》
