Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”， for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English。
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”， has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft。
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper。
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one。
36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms。
[B] is but all too natural in language development。
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture。
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s。
37. The word “talking” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) denotes
[A] modesty. [B]personality. [C]liveliness. [D]informality。
38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English。
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas。
39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s
[A] interest in their language. [B] appreciation of their efforts。
[C] admiration for their memory. [D]contempt for their old-fashionedness。
40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as
[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”。
[B] “radical ”is to “conservative”。
[C] “functional ” is to “artistic”。
[D] “humble” is to “noble”。
名师解析
36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English
按照麦克沃特所言， 正式英语的阑珊
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms. 在激进的教诲鼎新中是不成防止的。
[B] is but all too natural in language development. 在说话的成长中实属天然。
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture. 造成为了对反文化潮水的争议。
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s. 带来了20世纪60年月公家立场的变革。
【谜底】 B
【考点】 究竟细节题。
【阐发】 第二段的第二句中作者提到麦克沃特，诸如“he sees gradual disappearance of ‘whom’, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English，”就是请求考生可以或许理解出正式英语在说话成长中阑珊的天然性。选项[A]中提到的激进的教诲在文章的最后一段中可以找到“Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful。”这句话具备很强的滋扰，主如果由于一些考生喜好直接浏览，而不是先看标题，看到后面反而重点不敷凸起，貌同实异。出题人经常使用的一个法子就是将一些文章中呈现可是现实上没有必定接洽的内容揉杂在一块儿，起到很大的滋扰。实在文章中底子没有提到两者有甚么瓜葛，只是顺带说他没有提议用激进的教诲来扭转正式英语阑珊的趋向。选项[C]说对反文化有争议，从文中可以看出，将正式英语的阑珊归罪于反文化其实不会引发甚么争议，没有人会认为反文化使得正式英语获得了成长。选项[D]说正式英语的阑珊致使公家立场的变革，如许的说法属于典范的因果颠倒。出题人用意操纵考生临场测验时不不乱的生理状况来滋扰考生，看其可否准确理解文章的大意。若是考生不克不及够养成杰出的测验习气，常常会耗费不少分外的时候，由于不少时辰，咱们只必要晓得准确谜底是甚么，而无需晓得也没有时候来阐发其他选项错在哪里。
37. The word“talking”(Line 6, Paragraph3) denotes “talking”(第三段第六行)一词暗示
[A] modesty. 谦善。 [B] personality. 个性。
[C] liveliness. 活跃。 [D] informality. 非正式。
【谜底】 D
【考点】 语义题。
【阐发】 考生必需操纵上下文猜测单词意思，在原文中起首找到这句话，然后细心研读，最后才可以或许领会出这个单词的意思。第三段起首提到“做咱们本身的事变”的成果是规范的演讲、作品、诗歌和音乐的灭亡。然后提到在20世纪60年月之前那些受过一般教诲的人在写作时都用比力文雅的语气，最后又说那些被认为是最首要的作品都试图表示出白话的特点，“talking”克服了演讲，即兴克服了技能。而白话化的特色就长短正式。
38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?
以下哪种说法麦克沃特最有可能会赞成？
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。
逻辑思惟其实不必定与咱们措辞的方法相干。
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English。
黑人所利用的英语可能比正式英语更有表示力。
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。
人类的各类各样非尺度的说话同样有趣。
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas。
在英语的各类变体中，尺度英语最能表达繁杂的思惟。
【谜底】 A
【考点】 揣度题。
【阐发】 在第四段第四句话中，咱们可以看到，麦克沃特认为所有人类说话，包含黑人的非尺度英语，都具备很强的表示力。[B]选项中提到黑人利用的英语，可是说这类英语比正式英语更具备表示力是明显强调了范畴。[D]选项认为正式英语最可以或许表达繁杂的思惟，也犯了一样的毛病。紧接着作者提到麦克沃特不认为由于咱们不克不及很好地措辞咱们就不克不及准确地举行思虑。这句话正好应了[A]选项，即准确的逻辑思惟不必定与咱们措辞的方法有关。是以选项[A]是准确的。[C]的说法与原文彻底不合适。
39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s
就俄罗斯人喜好影象诗歌的描写显示出作者
[A] interest in their language. 对他们的说话感乐趣。
[B] appreciation of their efforts. 赏识他们的尽力。
[C] admiration for their memory. 对他们影象力的敬慕。
[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness. 对他们的保守暗示鄙弃。
【谜底】 B
【考点】 揣度题。
【阐发】 文章最后一段第一句话提到“俄罗斯人对本国说话的酷爱，可以或许记得不少诗歌，而意大利的政治家们经常颁发在大大都英国人看来有点过期的颠末精心筹备的演讲。麦克沃特认为正式说话并不是不成或缺，也没有提出要举行激进的教诲鼎新——他实在只是为那些夸姣而不是适用品的消失而感触遗憾。”连系文章主题可以看出这几句话中作者的言下之意：他赏识俄罗斯报酬连结本身说话的柔美性所做的尽力。可是这其实不可以或许阐明他对俄罗斯语感乐趣，或赞美他们的影象力，更不成能是歧视他们。
40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as
按照最后一段，将“纸盘子”和“磁器”比拟就至关于
[A] “temporary”is to“permanent””. “临时的”与“永恒的”比拟。
[B] “radical”is to“conservative”. “激进的”与“守旧的”比拟。
[C]
“functional”is to“artistic”. “功效的”与“艺术的”比拟。
[D] “humble”is to“noble”. “谦卑的”与“崇高的”比拟。
【谜底】 C
【考点】 揣度题。
【阐发】 纸盘子和瓷盘子的区分不止一个，可是最后一段中作者提到柔美和适用这层意思，也就是说作者想要阐明的不是临时与永恒，不是激进与守旧，不是谦卑与崇高，而是可以或许反应纸盘子和瓷盘子暗地里的柔美和适用这一对观点，也就是功效与艺术的比力。
难句解析：
1. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English。
【布局阐发】 该句子的骨干是“John McWhorter sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline。”主语前的介宾短语“in his latest book”做状语，“book”后有一个较长的书名充任其同位语。主语和谓语之间“a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views”为主语的同位语，对主语弥补阐明。
2. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas。
【布局阐发】 该复合句的骨干是“he acknowledges that all varieties can be expressive”，谓语“acknowledges”后面是“that”指导的宾语从句。从句中主谓之间插入了介宾短语“including non-standard ones like Black English”。破折号后面分句对前面话语举行弥补阐明，此中另有一个“that”指导的定语从句。
全文翻译：
美国人已再也不等待公家人物在演讲或写作中能应用技能和文彩来把握英语，而公家人物本身也不巴望如许。说话学家和辩说家麦克沃特的概念稠浊着自由派与守旧派的见解。在他近来的书《做咱们本身的事：说话和音乐的退化，和咱们为甚么要在意如许的事变》中，这位学者认为60年月反文化活动的成功要对正式英语的退化卖力。
求全纵容的六十年月绝不新颖，但此次其实不是对教诲退步的又一场批评。麦克沃特师长教师专擅长说话史和说话变迁。好比说，他认为“whom”一词的逐步消散是天然的，其实不比古英语中词格尾缀的消散更让人可惜。
但是，“做本身的事”这一崇尚真实和个性化的时尚，造成为了正式演讲、写作、诗歌及音乐的沦亡。在20世纪60年月之前，仅受过一般教诲的人鄙人笔时城市追求一种更文雅的夸大；而那以后，即便是最受存眷的文章也起头逮住白话就写在纸面上。一样的，对付诗歌来讲，很是个性化和富有表示力的创作气概成了可以或许表达真实活泼寄义的独一情势。不管作为白话仍是书面语的英语，随便言谈赛过高雅的言辞，自我阐扬也压过了精心筹备。
麦克沃特师长教师从上层和基层文化中罗列了一系列有趣的例子，从而阐明他记实的这类趋向是确实无误的。但就书中副题目中的疑难“咱们为甚么要在意(如许变革趋向)”，谜底却不敷明白。作为说话学家，麦克沃特认为各类各样的人类说话，包含像黑人说话如许的非尺度说话，都具备壮大的表达力――世上没有转达不了繁杂思惟的说话或方言。不像其他大大都人，他其实不像很多人那样，认为咱们措辞方法再也不规范就会使咱们不克不及够正确地思虑。
俄罗斯人深爱本身的说话，并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌；而意大利的政客们常常精心筹备演讲，即便这在大大都讲英语的人们眼里已颠末时。麦克沃特师长教师认为正式说话并不是不成或缺，也没有提出要举行完全的教诲鼎新——他实在只是为那些美功德物而不是适用品的消失而哀叹。咱们如今用“纸盘子”而非“磁器”装着咱们的英语大餐。真是忸捏啊，可是倒是一种不成防止的惭愧。
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