Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWERSHEET 2. (10 points)
There is a marked difference between the education which every one getsfrom living with others, and
the deliberate educating of the young. In theformer case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it isnot the express reason of the association. (46) It may be said that the measureof the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improvingexperience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religiousassociations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overrulingpowers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratifyappetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part,because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product ofthe institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect consideredas a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in ourindustrial life, apart
from certain values of industriousness and thrift, theintellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association underwhich the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared withphysical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as ani妹妹ediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore inour contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is notso easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; thepressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent toleave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief businesswith them is to enable them to share in a co妹妹on life we cannot help consideringwhether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.Ifhumanity has
made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of everyinstitution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that thislesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational processwhich we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- thatof direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find verylittle formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instillingneeded dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keepsthe adults loyal to their group.
重点句解析
46. 本句考点：宾语从句，of 短语作定语，代词指代， but指导并列句
布局阐发：句子骨干是：it may be said that…, but this effect… its effect及its originalmotive.中it在句中指代social institution。
参考译文：可以说，任何社会轨制的价值在于它对扩展和改良履历方面的影响，可是这类影响其实不是它本来的念头的一部门。
47. 本句考点：夸大句，分词布局作后置定语, 省略
布局阐发：夸大句的正常语序是：the by-product of the institution was noted Only gradually,and this effect …was only still more gradually (noted). considered as adirective factor in the conduct of the institution作this effect的后置定语。
参考译文：一种轨制的副产物，只是渐渐被注重到的，而这类结果被视为施行这类轨制的一个引导性身分加倍迟钝很多。
48. 本句考点：比力状语从句，动宾分开
布局阐发:本句骨干是while指导的一个比力状语从句。in our contact with 作为一个插入成份，分开了ignore和它的宾语theeffect of…。
参考译文：在和他们(年青人)接触的时辰，固然轻易疏忽咱们的举措对他们的偏向的影响，可是也不像与成年人打交道那末简略。
49. 本句考点：since指导的缘由状语从句，代词指代，宾语从句，宾语从句嵌套定语从句。
布局阐发：本句骨干是Since… we cannot help considering…此中whether or no we are formingthe powers which will secure this ability作cannot help considering的宾语，which willsecure this ability作为嵌套定语从句润饰the powers。
参考译文：既然咱们的重要使命在于使年青人介入配合糊口，咱们不由得斟酌咱们是不是在构成得到这类能力的气力。
50. 本句考点：插入语，定语从句，同位语从句
布局阐发：within the broad educational process which we have been so farconsidering 作为插入语，which we have been so far considering为定语从句润饰process，本句骨干是：Weare thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education. that of directtuition or schooling与a more formal kind of education 是同位语瓜葛。
参考译文：是以，咱们可以在上面所斟酌的广漠的教诲进程以内区分出一种比力正规的教诲，即直接的辅导或黉舍教诲。
