3、浏览理解B部门：
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of thenumbered blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of theblanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
A. Stay calm
B. Stay humble
C. Don' t make judgments
D. Be realistic about the risks
E. Decide whether to wait
F. Ask permission to disagree
G. Identify a shared goal
How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You
Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work. Your seniorcolleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic. What do you saywhen you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decidewhether it' s worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say?Here’ s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.
41._________________________.
You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe youhaven't finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was asurprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. Ifyou think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather yourarmy first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking —all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It' salso a good idea to delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or otherpublic space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful personnelless threatened.
42._________________________.
Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person caresabout — it may be "the credibility of their team or getting a project done ontime. You' re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to ahigher purpose. When you do speak up, don' t assume the link will be clear.You'll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you' reseen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who' s trying to advancea shared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than aboxing match.
43._________________________.
This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to give thepowerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, "Iknow we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter co妹妹itment here. I have reasonsto think that won' t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assumingthey say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing yourdisagreement.
44._________________________.
You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whateveryou can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your bodylanguage co妹妹unicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sendsa mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breathscan help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an eventone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you. It also makesyou seem confident, even if you aren' t.
45._________________________.
Emphasize that you' re offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be awell-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still an opinion, my talktentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying somethinglike, "If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it," say, " Thisis just my opinion, but I don' t see how we will make that deadline? Havingasserted your position (as a position, not as a fact) demonstrate equalcuriosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.
【参考谜底】41E 42G 43F 44A 45B
【解析】
41. E. Decide whether to wait. 决议是不是期待。
41题下面的段落重要描写了在颁发定见前要掌控机会，不领会别人的设法就不要颁发定见。选项中的关头词是“wait(期待)”，首句“You maydecide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion”(你可以决议最佳不要颁发定见)，此中“holdoff”是“推延，迟延”的意思，这与E选项中的关头词“wait”的寄义一致。别的，本段倒数第二句“It' s also a good idea to delaythe conversation if you' re in a meeting or other publicspace(若是你在开会或其他大众场合，推延谈话也是个好主张)”，此中“delay”也与选项关头词“wait”相一致。
42. G. Identify a shared goal. 肯定一个配合的方针。
42题下面的段落重要描写了在颁发小我定见前要斟酌到配合的方针。选项中的关头词是“shared goal (配合的方针)”，首句“Before youshare your thoughts, think about what the powerful person caresabout(在你分享你的设法以前，想一想有势力的人关切甚么)”，固然选项中有单词“share(共有，分享)”与原文“shared(配合的)”有复现，但还必要进一步肯定。按照本段倒数第二句“butas a colleague who' s trying to advance a sharedgoal(而是作为一个试图推动配合方针的同事)”，原文中“shared goal(配合的方针)”与选项G中的“sharedgoal”呈现复现，是以可以肯定42题对应G选项。
43. F. Ask permission to disagree. 征得赞成才能提出分歧定见。
43题下面的段落重要描写了为了给对方平安感和节制感，在提出分歧定见前要收罗对方定见。F选项中的关头词为“permission(容许)”，对的段落信息是“Ihave reasons to think that won' t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Wouldthat be OK? This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in.(我有来由认为这行欠亨。我想说说我的来由。可以吗?这给了人们一个选择，容许他们口头选择参加)”。此中，“I have reasons to think thatwon' t work”暗示提出分歧定见，“Would that beOK?”暗示收罗赞成，与F选项中的“disagree”和“permission”的寄义相一致。综上所述，43题对应F选项。
44. A. Stay calm. 连结岑寂。
44题下面的段落重要描写了在颁发概念时要连结岑寂。选项中的关头词是“calm(岑寂，冷静)”，与原文首句“but do whatever youcan to remain neutral in both your words andactions中的“neutral(中立的，无偏向性的)”豪情色采相一致。此外，本段第四句“Deep breaths can help, as canspeaking more slowly anddeliberately(深呼吸会有帮忙，措辞也会更慢，更有目标性)”，是“连结岑寂”的法子。本段倒数第二句“Simply slowing the paceand talking in an even tone helps the other person calm
down and does the samefor you”，此中“calm”与A选项中的关头词复现。综上所述，44题对应A选项。
45. B. Stay humble. 连结谦善。
45题下面的段落重要描写了在颁发概念时要连结谦善。B选项中的关头词“humble(谦善的)”，段落首句“Emphasize that you' reoffering your opinion, not gospeltruth.(夸大你只是在报告你的概念，而不是真谛)”，表现出谦善的立场。此外，段落最后一句“Be open to hearing otheropinions(虚心听取他人的定见)”，与B选项中的“humble”寄义具备一致性。
滋扰选项阐发：
C. Don' t make judgments. 不要做果断。
C选项中的关头词“judgments(果断)” C选项重要滋扰的是41题，原文中固然有提到“不要颁发定见”，但与“不要做果断”是纷歧致的。
D. Be realistic about the
risks. 对危害要量力而行。
D选项中的关头词“realistic (实际的)”和“risks (危害)”，原文中没有与“面临危害要实际一点”相干的段落。
