毗连代词
毗连代词包含who， whom， whose， what， which，that。此中除what外，其他毗连代词也可作瓜葛代词，其区分在于毗连代词指导的是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句，而瓜葛代词指导的是定语从句。
(一)指导主语从句
例句： That the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary systemwas a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.
阐发： 该句是复合句，that the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetarysystem在句中充任主语。
译文： 太阳是咱们行星系的中间(而不是地球)这一观点在中世纪是很难让人大白的。
例句： It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institutionis its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not apart of its original motive. (2009年第46题)
阐发： 该句是由迁移转变连词but毗连的并列句，此中第一个分句中it作情势主语，真实的主语是that the measure of theworth...，of any social institution是worth的后置定语，in enlarging and improvingexperience是its effect的后置定语。
译文： 也许可以说，要权衡任何一种社会轨制的价值就要看它在丰硕和晋升人们履历方面的影响，可是这类影响其实不是其最初念头的一部门。
(二)指导宾语从句
例句： He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the co妹妹on run of menin noticing things which easily escape attention， and in observing themcarefully”. (2008年第49题)
阐发： 该句是复合句，that指导的宾语从句布局是he was superior to...， 此中包括了由which指导的定语从句，innoticing things与in observing them carefully是并列布局。
译文： 他又自谦地说，也许本身“在注重到轻易被疏忽的事物，并对其加以细心察看方面优于凡人”。
例句： I apologize if I had offended you， but I assure you it wasunintentional. (1998年第3题)
阐发： 该句是并列复合句，此中短语assure sb. that...意为“向或人包管某事”。
译文： 若是我干犯了你，我向你报歉，但我包管那不是成心的。
(三)指导表语从句
例句：One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however，is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. (选自2011年Text 1)
阐发：该句是复合句。此中，why the appointment came as such asurprise是一个定语从句，润饰reasons，however作插入语，介词短语as such asurprise作状语，润饰came;主句的骨干部门是One of the reasons is that Gilbert is comparativelylittle known。
译文： 但是，该录用显得如斯忽然的缘由之一就是吉尔伯特比力鲜为人知。
例句： The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changeswhich have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only arelatively short time into the past. (选自2006年Text3)
阐发： 该句是复合句
，that people have failed to...changes是一个表语从句，which have happenedin the ocean作changes的定语，because后指导一个缘由状语从句。
译文： 这个观点是说人们没有注重到产生在海洋里的庞大变革，由于人们只是回首了曩昔很短一段时候。
(四)同位语从句(凡是由that指导，也可由whether，what，when，where，why，how指导，进一步阐明其前名词的详细内容和寄义)
例句：Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share — thatbecause we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts — and reveal itserroneous nature. (2011年第46题)
阐发：该句是复合句，骨干部门是Allens contribution was to take an assumption and revealits erroneous nature。此中we all share是一个定语从句，润饰assumption;that because we are notrobots we therefore control our thoughts是一个同位语从句，与assumption为同位语瓜葛。
译文：爱伦的进献在于他提出了一个公认的假如并揭露了其毛病本色，即“咱们不是呆板人，是以咱们能节制本身的思惟”。
例句： But the idea that the journalist must understand the law moreprofoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the establishedconventions
and special responsibilities of the new media. (2007年第48题)
阐发： 该句是复合句，此中骨干布局为the idea...rests on an understanding...， that thejournalist must...an ordinary citizen是the idea的同位语从句。
译文： 消息记者应当比平凡公民加倍透辟地领会法令，但这类见解是基于他们对消息媒体业已确立的规约和特别责任的理解。
(五)whatever， who(m)ever， whichever
毗连代词what+ever指不定命目中不管甚么，用于物;who(m)+ever指不定命目中无沦是谁，用于人;which+ever指确定命目中不管哪个，用于人或物。
例句： Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis， you canassemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.(选自2008年Part B)
阐发： 该句是复合句，骨干部门是you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out...，whatever outline you have made作fleshout(使充分、详细化)的宾语，从句中develop...into意思是“成长成;酿成”。前半部门是now that指导的妥协状语从句。
译文： 既然你已将一个主题拓展成为了一个开端的论题，那末你便可以整合条记内容，丰硕本身制定的提纲。
例句： Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “greatgame” of
espionage — spying as a “profession”. (选自2003年Text 1)
阐发： 该句是复合句，whatever tools came to...作using的宾语，破折号后的内容是对espionage的诠释阐明。
译文： 多诺万认为在职业特务勾当这一“伟大奇迹”中可以操纵任何有效的东西。
