In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap.（固然，在公共的印象中惭愧感一向是一种坏名声。）It is deeply uncomfortable---it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.（它让人很是不惬意——就像穿戴一件装满石头的茄克。）Yet this understanding is outdated.（但是这类理解已颠末时。）”There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary---feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.（弗吉尼亚大学生理学钻研职员阿米莎·瓦伊什说：“有一种新回复或从新思虑，甚么是惭愧，惭愧在饰演甚么脚色。”他弥补说这类回复是对感情不是二元的更大熟悉的一部门——二元感情即：在一种环境下是有益的，可能在另外一种环境下是有害的。）Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.（比方妒忌和愤慨可能已演酿成告诫咱们重大的不服衡。）Too much happiness can be destructive.（太多的幸福会被捣毁。）
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.（惭愧感可以晋升咱们加倍深地去思虑咱们的美德，能鼓动勉励人去补充毛病和修复瓜葛。）Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together.（换句话说，惭愧感可以或许帮忙保持物种在一块儿的互助。）It is a kind of social glue.（它就像一种社会胶合剂。）
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity.（从这个角度看，惭愧感是一个机遇。）Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.（通过量伦多大学的生理学传授蒂娜·马尔蒂的事情，他认为惭愧感可以补充感情的缺点。）In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.（在大都的钻研中，马尔蒂和其他钻研职员已发明惭愧感和怜悯可能代表着互助和分享的分歧方法。）Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses.（对付那些低怜悯心的孩子，可以经由过程履历更多的惭愧感来补充这个缺点，这个能节制他们歹意的感动。）And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.（反之亦然：高怜悯心可以或许补充低惭愧感。）
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children.（比方在2014年的一个钻研中，马尔蒂察看了244名儿童。）Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy
level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.（利用儿童顾问者的评估和孩子自我的察看，她评估了每个孩子的怜悯品级和在品德违规今后他或她感觉到负面情感偏向的品级。）Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.（然后这个孩子被给一个硬币巧克力，而且赐与机遇与一个匿名的孩子分享。）For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.（对付低怜悯心的孩子，他们分享的几多彷佛联系关系他们感触惭愧的水平。）The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.（惭愧感的孩子分享的更多，乃至虽然他们并无对其他孩子的褫夺奇异般地变得加倍有怜悯心。）
“That’s good news,”Malti syas, ”We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”（“这是个好动静，”马尔蒂说，“咱们能亲社会性是由于是咱们造成危险咱们会感触后悔。”）
